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Medication · hiv protease inhibitor

Supplements and Atazanavir.

Every documented pair, every citation. Below: 12 documented pairs grouped by mechanism.

Atazanavir, sold under the brand name Reyataz, is an HIV protease inhibitor: it blocks the viral protease that cleaves polyproteins into functional enzymes. It is a CYP3A4 substrate and is usually given with a booster.

Atazanavir is an HIV protease inhibitor. The class blocks the viral enzyme that cleaves precursor proteins into mature infectious virus, and it is almost always used within combination antiretroviral therapy. Two features drive the supplement rules. Protease inhibitors are CYP3A4 substrates with little margin for error, and the whole point of treatment is a steady drug level that keeps the virus suppressed. Ritonavir is the telling exception: at low dose it is used deliberately as a CYP3A4 inhibitor to raise the levels of the partner drug. Supplements that induce CYP3A4 push levels the wrong way and risk treatment failure and resistance. St John's Wort is the textbook exclusion here, and garlic supplements cut unboosted saquinavir levels by about half in a controlled study (Piscitelli 2001); modern boosted regimens would blunt the size of that effect but not the direction. Supplements that inhibit CYP3A4, including curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, schisandra, berberine, boswellia and bergamot, push levels up toward toxicity instead. Bergamot is grapefruit-family citrus, and grapefruit juice doubled the amount of saquinavir absorbed in a controlled human study, which is the clearest illustration of why this class matters here. Boswellia is the least settled of them: laboratory work on the gum resin shows CYP3A4 inhibition, one study reports the opposite effect, and a literature search found no study of the combination in people, which is reason enough to keep it out of a regimen that depends on a steady level. Immune-active herbs (echinacea, andrographis, elderberry, cordyceps, astragalus) are excluded as a precaution on antiretroviral therapy regardless of CD4 count. The HIV team, not community pharmacy, signs off any supplement.

Below are the 12 documented pairs we have explicitly assessed against Atazanavir in the Distil database: 8 red, 3 amber, and 1 green. The pairs cluster around 5 mechanisms: CYP-mediated metabolism, CYP3A4 induction, CYP3A4 inhibition, P-glycoprotein induction (lowers drug levels), and Immunosuppression caution. Every call is cited to either a clinical reference (PMID) or the British National Formulary. Anything not on this list is either still to be assessed or beyond our database scope. The checker beneath surfaces assessments by supplement, and the missing-item form at the bottom of the page routes any uncatalogued supplement into our next curation pass.

Documented interactions

Last reviewed 28 August 2026. Each interaction below lists the evidence its assessment drew on: some rest on studies of the exact pair, others on mechanism evidence, where a citation may support one part of the reasoning rather than the exact combination. The evidence line on each entry says which.

CYP-mediated metabolism

Red Does Andrographis interact with ?

Andrographis may shift atazanavir levels, and because HIV medicines have very little room for drifting levels and no routine blood test to catch a drift, we treat this as a do-not-combine pair outside your HIV team's supervision. Atazanavir is the one in this group that depends most on conditions in the gut for getting absorbed, and it is sometimes prescribed without the booster drug that would otherwise blunt an added effect, so of the HIV medicines here it is among the more exposed to something that slows the gut enzymes and pumps. Studies of andrographis with atazanavir have not been done, so this is a judgement from mechanism rather than a measured effect.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Red Does Boswellia interact with ?

Boswellia may change how quickly the body clears atazanavir, and the laboratory evidence points both ways at once, so we cannot say whether your levels would go up or down. Either direction matters with HIV medicines: levels that drift too low may let the virus rebound and become resistant, and levels that drift too high may cause side effects such as jaundice. We treat this as a do-not-combine pair, and if you are already taking both, tell your HIV team before you change anything.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Red Does Curcumin interact with ?

Curcumin (from turmeric) may shift atazanavir levels in either direction, and because HIV medicines have very little room for drifting levels we treat this as a do-not-combine pair outside your HIV team's supervision. There is a second reason to be careful here: atazanavir commonly causes harmless yellowing of the eyes or skin, and turmeric supplements can cause genuine liver injury, so if you take both it becomes much harder for your team to tell a harmless side effect from a real problem. Cooking amounts of turmeric in food are not the concern; concentrated curcumin supplements are.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Red Does Resveratrol interact with ?

Resveratrol supplements may shift atazanavir levels, and we cannot say reliably in which direction, so we treat this as a do-not-combine pair outside your HIV team's supervision. Too little of an HIV medicine may let the virus become resistant, which cannot be undone, and too much tends to increase side effects such as jaundice. The small amounts in red wine and grapes are not the concern; concentrated supplements are, and no study has tested this combination in people.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

PMID 20716633 · PMID 25624269 · PMID 30394306 · BNF: Atazanavir

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Amber Does Quercetin interact with ?

Quercetin supplements may shift atazanavir levels, most likely downwards, so if you take atazanavir do not start quercetin without telling your HIV team first. Taken daily, quercetin tends to speed up one of the enzymes that clears this medicine, and a fall in level can let HIV become resistant. No study has tested quercetin with atazanavir in people, so this caution comes from how quercetin behaves with other medicines rather than from any measured effect on atazanavir itself.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

CYP3A4 induction

Red Does St John's Wort interact with ?

St John's Wort speeds up how the body clears HIV protease inhibitors like atazanavir, which can drop the drug level too low to control the virus and let HIV become resistant. This is a serious interaction and these medicines should not be combined. If you take atazanavir, do not start St John's Wort, and if you already take both, tell your HIV team before changing anything.

Evidence: Supported by human study data.

PMID 10683007 · BNF: Atazanavir

CYP3A4 inhibition

Red Does Bergamot Extract (BPF / Bergavit40) interact with ?

Bergamot is grapefruit-family citrus and may slow the clearance of atazanavir and raise its level above what your regimen is tuned for, so we treat this as a do-not-combine pair outside your HIV team's supervision. No study has tested bergamot with atazanavir, or with any HIV medicine, in people, so this caution rests on how grapefruit-family citrus behaves with these drugs rather than on a measured effect of bergamot. A slice of citrus is not the concern; concentrated bergamot supplements taken daily are.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Red Does Schisandra interact with ?

Schisandra may slow down how the body clears atazanavir, which can raise atazanavir levels higher than intended and make side effects such as jaundice or yellowing of the eyes more likely. Laboratory work suggests schisandra can also act the other way over time and lower the level instead, which would risk HIV becoming resistant, so the caution runs in both directions. Do not combine schisandra with atazanavir unless your HIV team has agreed it, and note this advice comes from how schisandra behaves with other medicines cleared by the same liver enzyme rather than from a study of schisandra with atazanavir, because no such study has been done.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Amber Does Berberine interact with ?

If you take atazanavir, tell your HIV team before starting berberine, because berberine slows one of the liver enzymes that clears HIV protease inhibitors and may let atazanavir levels run somewhat higher than intended. Higher atazanavir levels tend to mean more of the yellowing of the eyes or skin that this drug can already cause, which is usually harmless but worth mentioning to your team. The direction of concern is levels running higher than intended rather than dropping too low, so the risk is side effects rather than the virus becoming resistant. You should never stop or change your HIV medication yourself.

Evidence: Limited human data, from small studies or case reports, alongside a known mechanism.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

P-glycoprotein induction (lowers drug levels)

Red Does Garlic Extract interact with ?

Concentrated garlic supplements may lower the amount of atazanavir in your blood, and because HIV medicines need steady levels to keep the virus suppressed we treat this as a do-not-combine pair outside your HIV team's supervision. The concern is the medicine working less well rather than side effects from too much, and levels that drop too low can let HIV become resistant in a way that cannot be reversed. A published case of the virus breaking through on atazanavir was linked to garlic, and that person was taking a boosted regimen, so we do not treat boosting as protection here.

Evidence: Limited human data, from small studies or case reports, alongside a known mechanism.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Immunosuppression caution

Amber Does Cordyceps interact with ?

Cordyceps is sold as an immune supplement, but the human trials behind it were run in transplant patients where it acted alongside immune-suppressing medicines rather than against them, so what it does to an immune system already being managed for HIV has never been studied and it belongs with your HIV team before you start it. Our curated interaction database records no evidence that cordyceps changes atazanavir levels or adds to the harmless yellowing of the eyes and skin that atazanavir commonly causes. The reason for care here is your immune monitoring rather than your drug levels.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Other

Green Does Elderberry interact with ?

Elderberry is often described as risky for people living with HIV because it stimulates the immune system, and our curated interaction database records no interaction between elderberry and atazanavir: atazanavir works by blocking an enzyme the virus needs rather than by damping your immune system, so there is nothing here for elderberry to push against. Atazanavir commonly causes harmless yellowing of the eyes or skin, and unlike some other supplements elderberry has come through its trials without a liver-injury signal, so it does not make that harmless side effect harder for your team to tell apart from a real problem. Our curated interaction database records no interaction between the two, which is not the same as us recommending elderberry, because we do not add it to supplement plans for people on HIV treatment, and anything new is still worth mentioning to your HIV team.

Evidence: Based on an established mechanism, with no direct study of this exact combination yet.

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

What this list does not say. Pairs not flagged here are not implicitly safe. They are either not yet in our database, or fall outside our inclusion scope (food-supplement interactions only; for drug-drug interactions, the BNF is authoritative). Use the checker below to surface any supplement, and submit a missing item if you take something we have not catalogued.

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