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Supplement · Grade A

Magnesium and medications.

Every documented pair, every citation. Below: 13 documented pairs grouped by mechanism.

Magnesium is classified as a foundation supplement in the Distil database, evidence Grade A. The page below lists every medication we have explicitly assessed it against.

Magnesium sits behind more than 300 enzyme reactions, from muscle and nerve function to blood pressure and the body's handling of stress, and most people in the UK fall a little short of the recommended intake. The form on the label changes how well it is absorbed and how it sits with you: glycinate and malate are well absorbed and gentle, citrate is reasonable but mildly laxative, and oxide is cheap but poorly absorbed. Evidence suggests magnesium may support sleep quality, muscle recovery, and blood pressure, though the research is broad rather than deep. Whichever form you take, the drug interactions are the same, because they come from the magnesium itself: separate it by two hours from antibiotics, bisphosphonates, and gabapentin, since magnesium binds them in the gut and reduces their uptake, and long-term proton pump inhibitors or loop diuretics can lower your magnesium over time. It pairs naturally with vitamin D3. Anyone with kidney disease should only take it under GP supervision.

Below are the 13 documented pairs we have explicitly assessed for Magnesium: 13 amber. The pairs cluster around 3 mechanisms: Absorption interference, Mineral chelation (absorption), and Renal magnesium wasting (drug-induced). Every call is cited to either a clinical reference (PMID) or the British National Formulary. Anything not listed here is either still to be assessed or beyond our database scope. The checker beneath surfaces assessments by medication, and the missing-item form at the bottom of the page routes any uncatalogued medication into our next curation pass.

Documented interactions

Absorption interference

Amber Esomeprazole

Long-term esomeprazole use is associated with low blood magnesium in about 1 in 5 chronic users. Supplementing magnesium is generally helpful, but if you have heart, kidney, or muscle symptoms on long-term esomeprazole, ask your GP for a magnesium blood test.

PMID 25394217 · BNF: Esomeprazole
Amber Lansoprazole

Long-term lansoprazole use is associated with low blood magnesium in about 1 in 5 chronic users. Supplementing magnesium is generally helpful, but if you have heart, kidney, or muscle symptoms on long-term lansoprazole, ask your GP for a magnesium blood test.

PMID 25394217 · BNF: Lansoprazole
Amber Omeprazole

Long-term omeprazole use is associated with low blood magnesium in about 1 in 5 chronic users. Supplementing magnesium is generally helpful, but if you have heart, kidney, or muscle symptoms on long-term omeprazole, ask your GP for a magnesium blood test.

PMID 25394217 · BNF: Omeprazole
Amber Pantoprazole

Long-term pantoprazole use is associated with low blood magnesium in about 1 in 5 chronic users. Supplementing magnesium is generally helpful, but if you have heart, kidney, or muscle symptoms on long-term pantoprazole, ask your GP for a magnesium blood test.

PMID 25394217 · BNF: Pantoprazole

Mineral chelation (absorption)

Magnesium binds to alendronic acid in the gut and blocks absorption in the same way calcium does. Take alendronic acid first thing on an empty stomach with plain water, stay upright for 30 minutes, then wait at least two hours before any magnesium supplement.

BNF: Alendronic acid

Magnesium can bind to ciprofloxacin in the gut and sharply reduce how much antibiotic you absorb, which may let an infection persist. Take ciprofloxacin at least two hours before, or six hours after, any magnesium supplement.

PMID 2598571 · BNF: Ciprofloxacin
Amber Digoxin

There are two things to know here, and on balance magnesium is more helpful than harmful. Taking magnesium at the same time as digoxin can slightly reduce how much digoxin you absorb, so it is sensible to separate them by about two hours. At the same time, a low magnesium level makes digoxin more likely to cause dangerous heart rhythms, so keeping your magnesium in the normal range is protective. Because digoxin has a narrow safe range, tell whoever prescribes it that you take magnesium.

PMID 3056649 · PMID 6842789 · PMID 3801726 · BNF: Digoxin

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Amber Doxycycline

Magnesium can bind to doxycycline in the gut and reduce how much antibiotic you absorb, which may let an infection persist. Take doxycycline at least two hours before, or six hours after, any magnesium supplement.

PMID 1969784 · BNF: Doxycycline

Reviewer-flagged: awaiting clinical-reviewer sign-off.

Amber Gabapentin

Taking magnesium at the same time as gabapentin can lower how much gabapentin your body absorbs, which may make it work less well. Take gabapentin at least two hours apart from any magnesium supplement, and keep the timing consistent day to day.

PMID 22240839 · BNF: Gabapentin

Magnesium can bind levothyroxine in the gut and reduce how much you absorb, in the same way that calcium and iron do. Take levothyroxine first thing on an empty stomach and any magnesium supplement at least four hours later (or at bedtime).

BNF: Levothyroxine

Magnesium binds to risedronate in the gut and blocks absorption. Take risedronate first thing on an empty stomach with plain water, stay upright for 30 minutes, then wait at least two hours before any magnesium supplement.

BNF: Risedronate

Renal magnesium wasting (drug-induced)

Amber Bumetanide

Bumetanide makes the kidneys pass out more magnesium in the urine, so people on it long term often run low on magnesium. This works the opposite way to most interactions: the medicine lowers your magnesium rather than the supplement affecting the medicine, so taking magnesium is generally a supportive response rather than a hazard. If you take bumetanide long term, especially for heart failure, it is worth asking your GP for a magnesium blood test and letting them know you supplement, since low magnesium can affect heart rhythm.

Amber Furosemide

Furosemide makes the kidneys pass out more magnesium in the urine, so people on it long term often run low on magnesium. This works the opposite way to most interactions: the medicine lowers your magnesium rather than the supplement affecting the medicine, so taking magnesium is generally a supportive response rather than a hazard. If you take furosemide long term, especially for heart failure, it is worth asking your GP for a magnesium blood test and letting them know you supplement, since low magnesium can affect heart rhythm.

What this list does not say. Pairs not flagged here are not implicitly safe. They are either not yet in our database, or fall outside our inclusion scope. Use the checker below to surface any medication, and submit a missing item if you take something we have not catalogued.

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For adults over 18. This tool gives evidence-graded information, not medical advice. Always discuss changes with your GP, especially if you take any medication, are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a serious health condition.
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How we decide

How we grade severity, choose what's in scope, and what we exclude.

Every call on this page is reasoned. We publish the full rubric for severity tiers, the medication inclusion logic, the evidence grades we accept, and what we deliberately leave out. About three thousand words. Worth reading once if you use this tool more than occasionally.

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Your whole stack

Want this reasoning across everything you take?

This page checks the pairs you enter. A personalised Distil report applies the same graded, cited reasoning to your whole stack: your goals, conditions, medications, diet, and the compounds worth adding or dropping. The interactions check is one section of it. You can read a real one in full before you decide.

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Distil's interactions database is reviewed and updated every quarter. We grade evidence transparently and publish our methodology, including every database change, at /about/methodology. This tool is information, not a substitute for clinical judgement. If you take medication and supplements together, your GP or pharmacist can review your full regimen against your medical history. If you want a full personalised stack reasoned against this same database, the Distil report is the next step up.